Impetigo: What is it?

Impetigo is a skin infection that is generally caused by one of two bacteria: group A streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus. Impetigo is most common in pre-school and school-age children, and is especially common in the summer. The infection often occurs when the skin has already been damaged, and most commonly occurs on the face around the mouth.

Symptoms

When impetigo is caused by group A streptococcus, it begins as tiny blisters. These eventually burst to reveal small, wet patches of skin that may weep. A yellowish crust then forms over the affected area, making it look as if it has been coated with brown sugar. Impetigo caused by staphylococcus aureus may cause larger blisters containing fluid that starts off as clear, then turns cloudy. The affected area is sore and itchy.

Treatment

Impetigo is treated with antibiotics, which are given orally or, in mild cases, as an antibiotic cream. The skin usually begins to heal within two or three days.

Prevention

Impetigo is contagious, so the affected child should not attend nursery or school until two to three days after antibiotic treatment has started. Children can spread impetigo from one area of the body to another with their fingers. The infection can also spread to other children who come into contact with the infected skin, and spread via towels and clothing.

The sores should be covered with gauze and tape to prevent the infection spreading. Washing frequently with antibacterial soap can help prevent infection and other family members should use a different towel and bed linen. After a child has been diagnosed with impetigo, towels in the nursery should be washed in a very hot wash to minimise the risk of transmitting the infection.