While kidney disease is comparatively rare in young children, there are a number of conditions that can affect them. The most common kidney diseases in children are congenital abnormalities, such as:
* a narrowing or obstruction of the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder).
* Fetal hydronephrosis, a dilatation or enlargement of one or both of a fetus's kidneys due to an abnormality in the developing urinary tract. This can also occur in childhood due to a blockage in the urinary tract or a reflux, when the mechanism that prevents urine from backing up from the bladder to the kidneys does not develop or function properly.
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