She will replace Gill Haynes, who steps down from the role on 21 December.
For the past two years, Ms Bayram has worked as the NCMA's director of policy and public affairs. Before joining the NCMA, she was head of communications at the Royal Society.
NCMA president Penelope Leach said, 'The NCMA has come a long way in the past ten years and I've no doubt at all that it's going to keep on going. I am as glad to welcome Liz to the post of chief executive, as I am sad to see Gill leave it.'
Ms Bayram said, 'I am delighted to have the opportunity to work with the NCMA's trustees, key volunteers, staff and our 50,000 members to realise our vision of high-quality, flexible, inclusive home-based childcare.'
At last weekend's AGM, NCMA members voted for all home-based childcarers to have a level 3 qualification within five years of registration by 2015, and for early years workers to be entitled to Inset training days.