The ukulele is the mischievous younger sibling in the guitar family. While its relations quickly secured their place in history as serious instruments – an essential for a diverse range of genres, from country to classical – their smaller fretted friend found fame in lighter-hearted pursuits. In the 1930's and 40's it became notorious for its comedy value, thanks to George Formby.
Subverting expectations
But the ukulele wasn't always a figure of fun. It originated in Hawaii as an adaptation of another guitar instrument that had been brought to the country by Portuguese immigrants. During the late 19th century it grew in popularity, used for folk song and art music, patronised by the Hawaiian royal family. By the 20th century it was heard elsewhere in the US and Canada, and musicians quickly saw its potential use in educational settings. While traditional ukuleles were made from high-quality wood, new manufacturing techniques and materials meant that cheaper versions could be made from laminate woods and plastic. The instrument's continued accessibility (a basic ‘uke’ can be bought for around £20) has meant that, in many areas, it has taken over from the recorder as an entry-point for music lessons.
‘The small size makes the ukulele a perfect introductory instrument for children,’ says Sutton-based ukulele teacher Pete Farrugia. ‘It is more portable and generally lower in cost than similar instruments.’ And perhaps unlike the recorder, Farrugia points out that the ukulele ‘is popular at social occasions, and there are many regional clubs and festivals. Virtuoso players have emerged, and this stimulates a desire to emulate them.’
With this continuing interest comes a need for additional educational resources. London College of Music Examinations (LCME) has recently revised its series of exams for ukulele, this includes the addition of a new Grade 5 qualification, revisions to the Level 5 Performance award, the renaming of Initial and Preliminary to Step 1 and Step 2, as well as the grouping of the Syllabus, the Playing Exam booklet and the Ukulele Ensemble booklet into one handy resource.
‘Over the past ten to 15 years, the reputation of the ukulele as a serious musical instrument worthy of study has increased,’ explains Farrugia, who is registered with LCME. ‘Although many ukulele players initially adopt it as a relatively easy, fun pastime, there is a growing community of serious players that are more interested in reaching their full potential. These enthusiasts need exams just as much as players of other instruments, and for the same reasons: to have their playing independently assessed by professionals, and to have their achievements recognised and celebrated.’
A respectable choice
While traditional exam boards such as ABRSM do not currently cater for ukulele students, boards including Rockschool and Victoria College Exams offer a range of qualifications. Although some players do later move on to the guitar, that transition isn't necessary, as the ukulele is an instrument in its own right. The technical level required to pass the LCME grades is similar to those of other instruments.
‘At the lower levels, the emphasis is on basic chord strumming, with optional single-note melody playing,’ says Farrugia. ‘Gradually, more challenging chord shapes are added, with more complex strumming patterns including dynamics, as well as finger-style arrangements of fully harmonised melodies.’
Of course, establishing a new form of assessment requires additional supporting resources. As formal ukulele repertoire is in its infancy – professional groups tend to arrange their own pieces –the syllabus consists of original arrangements written by leading ukulele artists, and more pieces are on the way. ‘We are currently developing handbooks for grades six to eight, and the content for these will encompass a range of musical styles and influences from around the world,’ reveals Merv Young, speaking on behalf of LCME.
Farrugia is convinced it has a bright future ahead: ‘Its repertoire is constantly developing and covers every major style of music, including renaissance, baroque, classical, jazz as well as pop, where it contrasts nicely with other instrumental sounds.’ All hail the ukulele!
To find out more about the new LCME Syllabus visit: lcme.uwl.ac.uk
